That’s in line with what the International Energy Agency recommends is needed to achieve the emissions-reduction goals laid out at COP28 last year. To reach the proposed target, the world would need to add more than 158GW of energy-storage capacity on average each year through 2030.
A massive amount of batteries will be required to allow grids around the world to store excess solar and wind energy so it can be deployed at times when the sun doesn’t shine or the wind doesn’t blow. Another increasingly popular source of energy storage is pumped-hydro, where water is pushed upwards and stored at a higher elevation, then released back down to generate electricity when needed.
The world had about 179GW of pumped hydro and about 85GW of battery storage last year, according to data from the International Hydropower Association and IEA, respectively.
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Batteries are now 90% cheaper than 15 years ago, according to the IEA. When paired with solar panels, batteries can make them a cheaper alternative to building coal plants in India; the combination is expected to soon challenge the cost of gas in the US and new coal in China. The average cost of lithium-ion battery packs plummeted to US$139 ($180.49) per kilowatt-hour in 2023, from nearly US$800 ten years earlier, according to BloombergNEF.
But analysts warn that prices need to fall further for the industry to take off. China-dominated supply chains also need to become more diverse. The Azerbaijani proposal encourages COP29 members to explore new types of batteries that could be cheaper to make and standardise recycling models to make it easier to reuse expired batteries.
Chart: Bloomberg
