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Notice: Undefined offset: 0 in tes_menu_link__menu_sidebar() (line 100 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/template.php).
Notice: Undefined offset: 0 in tes_menu_link__menu_sidebar() (line 100 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/template.php).
Notice: Undefined offset: 0 in tes_menu_link__menu_sidebar() (line 100 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/template.php).
Notice: Undefined offset: 0 in tes_menu_link__menu_sidebar() (line 100 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/template.php).
Notice: Undefined offset: 0 in tes_menu_link__menu_sidebar() (line 100 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/template.php).
Notice: Undefined offset: 0 in tes_menu_link__menu_sidebar() (line 100 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/template.php).
Notice: Undefined offset: 0 in tes_menu_link__menu_sidebar() (line 100 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/template.php).
Notice: Undefined offset: 0 in tes_menu_link__menu_sidebar() (line 100 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/template.php).
Notice: Undefined offset: 0 in tes_menu_link__menu_sidebar() (line 100 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/template.php).
Notice: session_start(): A session had already been started - ignoring in include() (line 2 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/partials/modal_desktop.tpl.php).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'und' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'value' of non-object in get_user_profile() (line 1428 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_checkout/tes_checkout.module).
Notice: Undefined offset: 2 in include() (line 70 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/page.tpl.php).
Notice: Undefined offset: 3 in include() (line 71 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/page.tpl.php).
Notice: Undefined index: und in include() (line 39 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/ds-1col--node-article-full.tpl.php).
Notice: Undefined index: und in include() (line 124 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/ds-1col--node-article-full.tpl.php).
Warning: count(): Parameter must be an array or an object that implements Countable in include() (line 124 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/ds-1col--node-article-full.tpl.php).
Notice: Trying to get property 'name' of non-object in include() (line 166 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/ds-1col--node-article-full.tpl.php).
Notice: Undefined index: und in include() (line 186 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/ds-1col--node-article-full.tpl.php).
Notice: Undefined variable: fontResizer in include() (line 198 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/ds-1col--node-article-full.tpl.php).
Notice: Undefined index: SERVER_NAME in include() (line 1056 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/ds-1col--node-article-full.tpl.php).
Notice: Undefined index: SERVER_NAME in include() (line 1130 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/ds-1col--node-article-full.tpl.php).
Warning: Use of undefined constant REQUEST_URI - assumed 'REQUEST_URI' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in include() (line 46 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/html.tpl.php).
Notice: Undefined index: und in include() (line 71 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/html.tpl.php).
Notice: Undefined offset: 2 in include() (line 109 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/html.tpl.php).
Notice: Undefined offset: 3 in include() (line 110 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/html.tpl.php).
Notice: Undefined offset: 0 in getContentMeta() (line 479 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/html.tpl.php).
Notice: Undefined offset: 1 in getContentMeta() (line 480 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/html.tpl.php).
Warning: preg_replace(): No ending delimiter '"' found in getContentMeta() (line 481 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/themes/tes/templates/html.tpl.php).
User warning: The following module is missing from the file system: native_ad_mobile_app. For information about how to fix this, see the documentation page. in _drupal_trigger_error_with_delayed_logging() (line 1143 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/includes/bootstrap.inc).
User warning: The following module is missing from the file system: tes_new_module. For information about how to fix this, see the documentation page. in _drupal_trigger_error_with_delayed_logging() (line 1143 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/includes/bootstrap.inc).
Notice: Constant EVENT_INSERT already defined in require_once() (line 4 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_api_mobile_app/in_app_subscription/repositories/apple_subscription.repository.php).
Notice: Constant EVENT_UPDATE already defined in require_once() (line 5 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_api_mobile_app/in_app_subscription/repositories/apple_subscription.repository.php).
Notice: Constant REDIS_TTL_TAXONOMY already defined in include_once() (line 38 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_api_v2/tes_api_v2.module).
Notice: Constant EVENT_INSERT already defined in require_once() (line 4 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_gpt_summarize/repositories/tes_gpt_summarize.repository.php).
Notice: Constant EVENT_UPDATE already defined in require_once() (line 5 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_gpt_summarize/repositories/tes_gpt_summarize.repository.php).
Notice: session_start(): A session had already been started - ignoring in include_once() (line 2 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_simultaneous_login/tes_simultaneous_login.module).
Notice: Undefined index: issue_id in allow_view_pdf() (line 100 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_pdf_viewer/tes_pdf_viewer.module).
Notice: Trying to get property 'field_free_to_view_pdf' of non-object in allow_view_pdf() (line 101 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_pdf_viewer/tes_pdf_viewer.module).
Notice: Undefined index: Secret-Mobile-App-Key in mobile_app_api_middleware() (line 127 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_api_mobile_app/tes_api_mobile_app.module).
Notice: Undefined index: Secret-Mobile-App-Key in mobile_app_api_middleware() (line 127 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_api_mobile_app/tes_api_mobile_app.module).
Notice: Undefined index: Secret-Mobile-App-Key in mobile_app_api_middleware() (line 127 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_api_mobile_app/tes_api_mobile_app.module).
Notice: Undefined index: Secret-Mobile-App-Key in mobile_app_api_middleware() (line 127 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_api_mobile_app/tes_api_mobile_app.module).
Notice: Undefined index: Secret-Mobile-App-Key in mobile_app_api_middleware() (line 127 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_api_mobile_app/tes_api_mobile_app.module).
Notice: Undefined index: Secret-Mobile-App-Key in mobile_app_api_middleware() (line 127 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_api_mobile_app/tes_api_mobile_app.module).
Notice: Undefined index: Secret-Mobile-App-Key in mobile_app_api_middleware() (line 127 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_api_mobile_app/tes_api_mobile_app.module).
Notice: Undefined index: Secret-Mobile-App-Key in mobile_app_api_middleware() (line 127 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_api_mobile_app/tes_api_mobile_app.module).
Notice: Undefined index: Secret-Mobile-App-Key in mobile_app_api_middleware() (line 127 of /home/testing/The_Edge_Singapore_Website/sites/all/modules/custom/tes_api_mobile_app/tes_api_mobile_app.module).
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Perpetual securities are debts, not equity. Here's why

Tong Kooi Ong Published on Fri, Mar 29, 2019 / 10:20 AM GMT+8

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(Apr 1): If it walks like a duck, quacks like a duck, looks like a duck, swims like a duck, then it probably is a duck. Why are companies so intent on classifying perpetual securities (perps) as equity, instead of what they really are: financial liabilities or debts? Looking at a simplified balance sheet and profit-and-loss statement of a hypothetical company (see Table 1) provides the reason.

With perps recognised as equity, the gearing of this company is 5%, giving the impression that it has almost no debts and is therefore totally safe. In reality, it would be a hugely leveraged and risky company at 567% gearing.