It was not until 5am this morning, jet-lagged and awake on the terrace, that I first heard the soundtrack of elephant roars. It started off quietly but grew louder as the sun rose and a band of tiny- looking animals emerged from shadows in the distance.
The resort started in the early 2000s, when Bangkok-based Minor Hotels acquired a Le Méridien and transformed it into a five-star resort. The company’s CEO, William Heinecke, had the idea to turn the new property into an elephant camp — he loves the animals and felt the Polynesian- style resort’s small footprint on a 200- acre parcel of land would lend itself to a luxury wildlife experience. The task was given to John Roberts, a budding conservationist who had been working with elephants in Nepal’s Chitwan National Park. He was not formally trained, but Roberts had a promising vision of sustainable elephant tourism. Instead of buying the elephants outright, for instance, Anantara leases them on a permanent basis; it discourages locals from snaring another animal in hopes of a big payout.
Fifteen years later, the resort has become a globally recognised standard-bearer for responsible wildlife tourism and one of the only options in Thailand for conscientious travellers who want face time with pachyderms. In 2006, Anantara created a sibling property next door at the Four Seasons Tented Camp — a more posh and colonial-inspired, if slightly less elephant obsessed, experience.
A third camp is on its way this fall, on a 44,000-acre conservancy Minor Hotels has pieced together in the Cardamom Mountains of Thailand and Cambodia. This resort will support an initiative to rehabilitate and re-release native species such as the Asiatic wild dog, black bear and clouded leopard into the wild.
Some animal rights advocates say the line should be drawn at looking, not touching, and it is an argument that has intensified in recent months. One video making the rounds on Facebook, posted in February by Unilad Adventures, an online travel community with 1.7 million followers, begins with a warning about graphic content. “Thinking about riding elephants in Thailand?” the minute-long video asks in block letters as a melancholic violin plays. It then shows baby elephants chained to posts, workers kicking the gargantuan animals as tourists struggle to climb onto them, and trainers prodding their thick hides with long, crude pickaxe-type tools.
A 2010 study by the University of Oxford’s Wildlife Conservation Research Unit exposed Thai elephant camps as some of the travel industry’s most irresponsible businesses — not only for their poor treatment of the animals on their premises, but also for encouraging locals to kidnap calves, some less than a year old, from their mothers and force them into submission.
By 2014, influential travel operators such as Intrepid Travel had removed elephant rides from their offerings. Mass petitions from World Animal Protection and Change.org rang up tens of thousands of signatures in a matter of days, encouraging more than 100 travel companies, including slower adopters such as Thomas Cook Travel, to nix the rides from their itineraries.
By the time Unilad posted its video, travel junkies were primed to react with disgust. So far, the video has received almost 17 million views and about 400,000 shares on Facebook, along with 17,000 mostly horror- struck comments. “I wish I hadn’t contributed to this,” one user wrote.
But in Africa, where poaching is the greatest danger facing elephants, travel has actually proved a strong engine for their conservation. Outfitters such as Singita are on the front lines of the issue, and Wilderness Safaris’ Abu Camp in Botswana’s Okavango Delta rehabilitates injured and orphaned elephants and reintroduces them to the wild.
For Southeast Asian elephants, the big threat is not poaching but indentured servitude. Roughly 30% of Asia’s 40,000 to 50,000 elephants are in captivity, often working under dangerous circumstances in forestry or performing in the street.
The region’s legacy of elephant labour goes back 3,000 years. The tradition is so old, the Arthashastra, an ancient text that guided Indian kings in the first millennium BC, gave instructions regarding the health of the forests where elephants lived.
Among mahouts, the once-respected class of people who work with elephants, fathers teach their sons how to manage the animals, the way a rancher takes care of horses. But elephants are far more difficult to keep: They can eat 450 pounds of food a day — mostly bananas, vegetables and grasses.
Considering how many elephants are still in captivity, “it’s extremely difficult to come up with workable and elephant-friendly solutions”, says Roberts, now the group director of conservation and sustainability at Anantara. Outside the resort, he helps run the Golden Triangle Asian Elephant Foundation and a programme in Southeast Asia that teaches mahouts a gentler training technique, focusing on positive reinforcement. In February, he was in Myanmar working on legislation that would outlaw the capture of wild elephants.
At breakfast on the third day, we were joined by a five-year-old elephant named Pang Luck, who regularly takes her morning meal in the company of guests on the restaurant terrace. After we eat yogurt parfaits with fresh passion fruit and local honey, we give her handfuls of tiny bananas. Using the two pointed “fingers” at the end of her trunk, she sucks the fruit out of our hands, peels it against her teeth, then helps her mahout clean up the discarded peels.
Like most of the 22 elephants here, Pang Luck’s short life has seen its share of tragedy. She was rescued from street performing, where she was patted and prodded in exchange for pocket change until the age of three. Bounma, a 50-something elephant with a broken ear and distinguishing white hairs at the tip of her tail, was ill-suited for logging and spent years being badly beaten as a result; her owner took her begging until he gained admittance to join Anantara’s community.
When an elephant is accepted, Anantara also hires the animal’s mahout to train and care for it, employment that includes housing, health insurance and education for his children. There are also opportunities for women to join a traditional silk-weaving collective.
A two-minute drive brings us to the Dara Camp, where most of the elephants “on duty” are relaxing in a series of open-air, canopied stables. One by one, the giant creatures amble towards us, perhaps not gracefully but with intention. Poonlarp wags her tail and bats her long lashes. Dah, who survived on the streets of Bangkok and Pattaya before coming to Anantara, waves her ears back and forth nearby. Bo, the largest female of the herd, stretches her jaw open for the on-site veterinarians, who reward her with handfuls of sunflower seeds after a successful oral check-up.
Elephants’ memory has been the subject of much mythology — the animals never forget, right? Absolute proof of that bit of conventional wisdom remains elusive, but over the past decade, scientists have confirmed that elephants exhibit a rare level of animal intelligence. They are capable of solving simple puzzles and benefit from regular mental stimulation; like chimpanzees, they use tools in the wild, usually to shoo away flies. They collaborate with one another when problems arise; they flinch when they see a herd member get hurt; they mourn their dead. Elephants are capable of getting angry with one another and then reconciling. It takes them only a week to learn a command, such as baen (turn) or toi (back up), and they are capable of mastering as many as 70 of them.
Spend even a little time with them, and you will see it for yourself. One night, we eat dinner above an elephant playpen, while below, Pumpui, who is 50-ish, affectionately wraps her trunk around Dah’s body, like a human giving a one-armed squeeze of a hug. Later, we look up at the gleaming tusks and towering proportions of Phuki, a four-tonne tusker and one of the resort’s two male residents. I offer a scoop of sunflower seeds. His muddy trunk-fingers grip onto my hand and, gently but with a formidable whooooosh!, the seeds are gone. — Bloomberg LP
This article appeared in Issue 800 (Oct 9) of The Edge Singapore.
